Capacity Expansion of Water Supply — Study of alternative schemes to develop the supply of surface and groundwater to a city, including possible expansion of the service area and interties with a neighboring city. Engineering and economic analysis of sizing and timing facility construction and operation to meet required reliability at least cost. Options for generation of hydropower at the sources and within the distribution system were also included. Completed for City of Tacoma, Washington.

Distribution System Water Quality — Modeling water quality in the municipal water distribution system. Continuous simulation of distribution system operation to evaluate steady state sources and transport of pollutants. Completed for Denver Water Department, Denver, Colorado. Modeling distribution system contamination from transient sources. Completed for City of Houston, Texas.

Drought Operation of Water Supply Reservoirs — Development and use of mathematical programming model of the two main reservoirs to evaluate optimal timing and amount of water use restrictions during the 1992 drought. Completed for Seattle Water Department, Seattle, Washington.

Minimum Streamflow Requirements and Yield — Analysis of effects of instream requirements of salmon and steelhead on municipal water supply. Effects of turbidity on daily reservoir operations to meet potable water standards by blending with multiple groundwater sources. Completed for City of Tacoma, Washington.

Reliability and Risk Analysis for Urban Water Supply — Evaluate reliability of the supply system, considering uncertainty in both supply and demand projections. Estimate risk in dollars based on economic analysis of regional income losses due to water shortages. Application of results to scheduling new supplies. Completed for R.W. Beck and Associates Ltd. (for Seattle Water Department), Seattle, Washington.

Stochastic Supply Forecasting — Development of a stochastic water supply model for operations planning of two reservoirs on parallel watersheds. Completed for Greater Vancouver Regional District, B.C., Canada.

Water Distribution Database — Development and implementation of a management system for network data, including as many as 17,000 individual metered demands, all pipes in the system, and field monitoring of flows and pressures to calibrate the hydraulic model that uses the database. Completed for City of Victoria, B.C., Canada.

Water Distribution System Maintenance Analysis — Analysis of water distribution pipe failure history to develop maintenance forecasting procedures and optimum pipe replacement scheduling. Completed for Calgary and Edmonton, Alberta, and Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Water Supply Reservoir Management — Operational analysis of a system of three reservoirs and a river.

Water Supply System Operations Model — Development of computer models and overall design of the modeling system for daily operation of the main supply reservoirs, hydroelectric plants, aqueducts, and treatment plants to comply with fish water requirements and reservoir water quality, to minimize the cost of operation, and to maximize the yield from the sources. Completed for East Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, California.